To cite LMest in publications use:

Pennoni F, Pandolfi S, Bartolucci F (2025). “LMest: An R Package for Estimating Generalized Latent Markov Models.” The R Journal, 16(4), 74–101. doi:10.32614/RJ-2024-036.

To cite LMest in publications use:

Bartolucci F, Pandolfi S, Pennoni F (2017). “LMest: An R Package for Latent Markov Models for Longitudinal Categorical Data.” Journal of Statistical Software, 81(4), 1–38. doi:10.18637/jss.v081.i04.

Corresponding BibTeX entries:

  @Article{,
    title = {LMest: An R Package for Estimating Generalized Latent
      Markov Models},
    author = {Fulvia Pennoni and Silvia Pandolfi and Francesco
      Bartolucci},
    journal = {The R Journal},
    year = {2025},
    volume = {16},
    number = {4},
    pages = {74--101},
    doi = {10.32614/RJ-2024-036},
  }

  @Article{,
    title = {LMest: An R Package for Latent Markov Models for
      Longitudinal Categorical Data},
    author = {Francesco Bartolucci and Silvia Pandolfi and Fulvia
      Pennoni},
    journal = {Journal of Statistical Software},
    year = {2017},
    volume = {81},
    number = {4},
    pages = {1--38},
    doi = {10.18637/jss.v081.i04},
  }