A framework for systematic exploration of
    association rules  (Agrawal et al., 1994, <https://www.vldb.org/conf/1994/P487.PDF>), 
    contrast patterns  (Chen, 2022, <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2209.13556>),
    emerging patterns  (Dong et al., 1999, <doi:10.1145/312129.312191>),
    subgroup  discovery (Atzmueller, 2015, <doi:10.1002/widm.1144>),
    and conditional correlations (Hájek, 1978,  <doi:10.1007/978-3-642-66943-9>).
    User-defined functions may also be supplied to guide custom pattern searches.
    Supports both crisp (Boolean) and fuzzy data. Generates candidate conditions
    expressed as elementary conjunctions, evaluates them on a dataset, and
    inspects the induced sub-data for statistical, logical, or structural
    properties such as  associations, correlations, or contrasts. Includes methods 
    for visualization of logical structures and supports interactive exploration
    through integrated Shiny applications.

Tools for visual inference. Generate null data sets
    and null plots using permutation and simulation. Calculate distance metrics
    for a lineup, and examine the distributions of metrics.

A computational method that infers copy number variations (CNVs) in cancer scRNA-seq data and reconstructs the tumor phylogeny. 'numbat' integrates signals from gene expression, allelic ratio, and population haplotype structures to accurately infer allele-specific CNVs in single cells and reconstruct their lineage relationship. 'numbat' can be used to: 1. detect allele-specific copy number variations from single-cells; 2. differentiate tumor versus normal cells in the tumor microenvironment; 3. infer the clonal architecture and evolutionary history of profiled tumors. 'numbat' does not require tumor/normal-paired DNA or genotype data, but operates solely on the donor scRNA-data data (for example, 10x Cell Ranger output). Additional examples and documentations are available at <https://kharchenkolab.github.io/numbat/>. For details on the method please see Gao et al. Nature Biotechnology (2022) <doi:10.1038/s41587-022-01468-y>.