Compute important quantities when we consider stochastic systems that are observed continuously. 
             Such as, Cost model, Limiting distribution, Transition matrix, Transition distribution and Occupancy matrix. 
             The methods are described, for example, Ross S. (2014), Introduction to Probability Models. Eleven Edition. Academic Press.

Analyses species distribution models and evaluates their performance. It includes functions for variation partitioning, extracting variable importance, computing several metrics of model discrimination and calibration performance, optimizing prediction thresholds based on a number of criteria, performing multivariate environmental similarity surface (MESS) analysis, and displaying various analytical plots. Initially described in Barbosa et al. (2013) <doi:10.1111/ddi.12100>.

This is a shiny module that presents a file picker user interface to get an Excel file name, and reads the Excel sheets using 'readxl' package and returns the resulting sheet(s) as a vector and data in dataframe(s).

Generation of synthetic data from a real dataset using the combination of rank normal inverse transformation with the calculation of correlation matrix <doi:10.1055/a-2048-7692>. Completely artificial data may be generated through the use of Generalized Lambda Distribution and Generalized Poisson Distribution <doi:10.1201/9781420038040>. Quantitative, binary, ordinal categorical, and survival data may be simulated. Functionalities are offered to generate synthetic data sets according to user's needs.

Algorithms for multivariate outlier detection when missing values
    occur. Algorithms are based on Mahalanobis distance or data depth.
    Imputation is based on the multivariate normal model or uses nearest
    neighbour donors. The algorithms take sample designs, in particular
    weighting, into account. The methods are described in Bill and Hulliger
    (2016) <doi:10.17713/ajs.v45i1.86>.

Power of non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and Spearman’s Rho test is highly influenced by serially correlated data. To address this issue, trend tests may be applied on the modified versions of the time series data by  Block Bootstrapping (BBS), Prewhitening (PW) , Trend Free Prewhitening (TFPW), Bias Corrected Prewhitening and Variance Correction Approach by calculating effective sample size.
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